Cysts: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

Cysts are closed, sac-like structures filled with fluid, air, or other material that form under the skin. They vary in size and often appear as painless lumps, though they can become inflamed or infected. Cysts are widespread, affecting approximately 5% of people worldwide, with a higher prevalence in adults. Hydatid cysts are most commonly found in the liver (70%) and lungs (20%), though they can affect any organ, according to the study. Typically harmless, cysts frequently appear on the face, neck, and back. While anyone can develop cysts, they are often more common in individuals with a history of acne or oily skin.

Cyst Symptoms

Cysts vary in size and severity. Some remain small and non-irritating, while others can grow and cause noticeable discomfort.

• Small, round lump under the skin, often painless.

• Soft or firm texture depending on the type of cyst.

• Visible swelling that may increase over time.

• Redness and warmth if the cyst becomes inflamed or infected.

• Discomfort or pain if the cyst presses on nerves or becomes infected.

• White or yellowish fluid discharges if the cyst ruptures.

Infected cysts may lead to more pronounced redness, swelling, and even pus discharge, indicating a need for medical attention.

Types of Cysts

Cysts can vary widely in type and characteristics, with some common examples:

• Epidermoid Cysts: These are small, benign bumps that develop under the skin, often on the face, neck, or back. They result from a buildup of keratin.

• Sebaceous Cysts: Found primarily on the face, neck, and torso, these cysts contain oily material produced by sebaceous glands. They are slow-growing and often painless unless infected.

• Pilonidal Cysts: These develop near the tailbone and may contain hair and skin debris. Pilonidal cysts can be painful and prone to infection, sometimes requiring surgical removal.

• Breast Cysts: Fluid-filled cysts that develop in breast tissue, often due to hormonal changes. These can vary in size and may cause tenderness.

• Ovarian Cysts: Form in or on ovaries, often as a part of the menstrual cycle. While most are harmless, some can cause pain or hormonal changes.

Who Do Cysts Affect?

Cysts can affect people of all ages, but some types are more common in certain demographics. For example, pilonidal cysts primarily impact young adults and are more common in men than women. Ovarian cysts often affect women of reproductive age, with around 7% developing an ovarian cyst at some point. Risk factors include hormonal changes, genetics, a history of acne, and skin injuries, which can increase susceptibility. Individuals with specific conditions, like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), are also more likely to develop cysts.

Common Locations Where Cysts Occur

Cysts can appear almost anywhere on the body, depending on the type. Common locations include:

• Face and Neck: Often sebaceous cysts form here due to oil gland blockages.

• Scalp: Pilar cysts are commonly found here, typically painless and filled with keratin.

• Back and Shoulders: Epidermoid cysts are frequently seen on areas prone to friction or irritation.

• Ovaries: Ovarian cysts develop within or on the ovaries, often related to hormonal cycles.

• Tailbone Area: Pilonidal cysts form near the tailbone, often due to ingrown hairs or prolonged sitting.

• Armpits and Groin: Areas with sweat glands are prone to cysts from blocked ducts.

Causes of Cysts

Cysts develop primarily due to blocked ducts, infections, or cell abnormalities. A common cause is the blockage of sebaceous or sweat glands, trapping fluid or keratin beneath the skin. When these cells continue to grow within a closed space, a cyst forms.

Additional cyst causes include:

• Genetic Factors: Certain cyst types, like ganglion and pilonidal cysts, may be hereditary.

• Hormonal Changes: Hormones can influence cyst formation, especially ovarian cysts.

• Infections: Bacterial infections can lead to abscesses, a type of cyst filled with pus.

• Skin Injuries: Trauma or injury may contribute to cysts by damaging cells or glands.

Environmental factors like high pollution levels may clog pores and glands, promoting cysts. Lifestyle habits, such as poor hygiene or prolonged sitting, can also increase cyst risk, especially in prone areas.

What Triggers Cyst?

Several factors can worsen cysts or trigger their growth. Environmental elements like pollution and allergens often clog skin pores, increasing the likelihood of cyst formation. 

Common lifestyle factors also play a role: high stress can disrupt hormonal balance, while diets high in greasy or processed foods may promote cyst development.

Other triggers include:

• Certain Medications: Steroids and hormonal treatments may contribute to cyst formation.

• Underlying Conditions: Conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can trigger ovarian cysts.

• Friction or Pressure: Frequent skin irritation, such as from tight clothing, can encourage cyst growth.

Diet and Lifestyle Factors That Worsen Cysts

Certain foods may contribute to cyst formation. Here are some to consider:

• Dairy Products: Milk and cheese can promote hormonal changes.

• Sugary Foods: High sugar intake may increase inflammation.

• Processed Foods: Fast food can lead to skin issues due to unhealthy fats.

Lifestyle habits that can impact cysts include:

• Lack of Hydration: Not drinking enough water can lead to skin problems.

• Poor Hygiene: Inadequate cleansing can trap dirt and oil.

• Smoking: Tobacco use can worsen skin health and cyst development.

Skin Condition Diagnosis

Healthcare professionals diagnose cysts through physical examination and patient history. A doctor will assess the cyst's size, location, and texture. They may ask about symptoms and any changes in the cyst over time.

Common tests and examinations include:

• Ultrasound: This imaging test helps determine the cyst's depth and structure.

• CT or MRI Scans: These can provide detailed images of deeper cysts.

• Biopsy: If there's concern about cancer, a small sample may be taken for lab analysis.

For self-assessment, individuals can monitor cysts by checking for changes in size, color, or any signs of infection, like redness or swelling. Keeping a journal of symptoms can help provide useful information during a doctor's visit.

Cyst Treatment Options

Cysts can often be managed effectively, depending on their type and severity. Treatment options may include medications, therapies, and professional interventions.

Medications for Cysts

1. Antibiotics (e.g., amoxicillin): If a cyst becomes infected, antibiotics may be prescribed to treat the infection. These medications work by killing bacteria or preventing their growth, usually taking about 7 to 14 days for the infection to clear up.

2. Corticosteroids (e.g., triamcinolone): These can help reduce inflammation and swelling around the cyst. Injections may provide relief and shrink the cyst over a few days.

3. Pain relievers (e.g., ibuprofen or acetaminophen): Over-the-counter medications can alleviate discomfort associated with cysts.

Therapies for Cysts

• Drainage: A healthcare professional may perform a minor procedure to drain the cyst. This can provide immediate relief and is often effective. The cyst may take about 1 to 2 weeks to fully heal after drainage.

• Surgical removal: For larger or recurrent cysts, surgical removal may be necessary. This outpatient procedure can take about 30 minutes, with a healing period of 1 to 2 weeks.

• Laser therapy: This treatment uses focused light to remove or reduce cysts. It’s effective for some types and typically involves minimal recovery time.

Professional Treatments for Cysts Management

Healthcare professionals play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of cysts. Dermatologists, surgeons, and primary care doctors can all provide care. Here are some common medical interventions:

• Incision and drainage: A doctor may make a small incision to drain the cyst's contents, relieving pressure and discomfort.

• Complete excision: The entire cyst, including its wall, may be surgically removed to prevent recurrence.

• Sclerotherapy: In some cases, a sclerosing agent may be injected into the cyst to reduce its size. This can take several weeks to see full results.

• Cryotherapy: Freezing the cyst can be effective, particularly for sebaceous cysts. This may require multiple sessions.

Home Remedies for Cysts and Prevention

Managing cysts at home can be helpful, especially for minor cases. Here are some practical tips and natural remedies to consider:

Natural Remedies

• Warm Compress: Applying a warm, moist cloth to the cyst can help reduce swelling and promote drainage. Do this for 10–15 minutes, several times a day.

• Tea Tree Oil: Known for its antibacterial properties, tea tree oil can be applied directly to the cyst. Dilute it with a carrier oil (like coconut oil) to avoid skin irritation.

• Aloe Vera: This plant has soothing properties and can reduce inflammation. Apply fresh aloe vera gel directly to the cyst for relief.

Dietary Habits

1. Increase Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Include foods like salmon, walnuts, and flaxseeds to help reduce inflammation.

2. Hydrate: Drink plenty of water to keep your skin hydrated and support healing.

3. Limit Sugar and Processed Foods: These can exacerbate inflammation.

Lifestyle Changes

• Maintain Good Hygiene: Keep the affected area clean to prevent infection.

• Avoid Picking or Squeezing: This can lead to infection and worsen the cyst.

• Manage Stress: Stress can affect skin health. Consider practices like yoga or meditation to reduce stress levels.

Cyst Severity Levels

Cysts can range from mild to severe. 

• Mild cysts are often small, painless, and may resolve on their own within a few weeks. 

• Moderate cysts may cause discomfort and require medical attention, often taking a few weeks to months to heal. 

• Severe cysts can become infected or inflamed, leading to significant pain, swelling, and redness, requiring prompt treatment.

The severity impacts treatment choices. Mild cysts might only need home care, while severe cases often require drainage or surgical removal. Signs indicating worsening severity include increasing size, persistent pain, redness, warmth, or the development of a fever. 

Complications in Cysts

If left untreated, cysts can lead to complications like infection, resulting in painful abscesses. An untreated cyst may also become larger, leading to discomfort and potential scarring when it eventually ruptures or is surgically removed. 

Over time, recurrent cysts can impact overall skin health, causing changes in skin texture and pigmentation. In some cases, persistent cysts may also indicate underlying conditions that require further evaluation. 

When to See a Doctor?

Consult a doctor if you notice the following signs related to a cyst:

• The cyst becomes painful, red, or swollen.

• It grows rapidly or changes in appearance.

• There is discharge of pus or an unpleasant odor.

• You experience fever or chills, indicating a potential infection.

• The cyst affects your daily activities or self-esteem.

Final Thoughts on Cysts

Cysts are common skin conditions that can vary in type, location, and severity. They often result from blocked hair follicles, oil glands, or infections. While many cysts are harmless and may resolve on their own, monitoring their growth and any changes is crucial. If you experience pain, swelling, or signs of infection, it’s essential to seek medical help.

Remember, self-care plays a vital role in managing cysts. Regularly check your skin for any unusual changes and maintain a healthy lifestyle. Awareness of your skin health can help prevent complications and improve overall well-being. 

If you have concerns about cysts or their treatment options, don’t hesitate to reach out to a healthcare professional for guidance. Taking action is the first step toward healthier skin.

FAQs About Cysts

Here are more questions answered related to Cysts commonly searched by people.

What ingredients should I avoid in skincare products for cysts?

Avoid products with heavy oils, sulfates, and artificial fragrances. These can clog pores and worsen cyst formation.

What is the biggest myth about cysts?

A common myth is that cysts are cancerous. Most cysts are benign and not harmful, but regular check-ups are essential.

Can cysts be caused by liver problems?

While cysts can form in various body parts, liver problems typically cause liver cysts, which are different from skin cysts.

What are cysts telling me about my health?

Cysts may indicate blocked pores or glands. Frequent cysts could suggest underlying skin issues or hormonal imbalances.

Are cysts and boils the same?

Cysts and boils are not the same. Cysts are fluid-filled sacs, while boils are painful, pus-filled bumps resulting from infections.

Terms to be aware of:

• Sebaceous cyst: A common type of cyst caused by blocked oil glands.

• Epidermoid cyst: A cyst that forms from skin cells.

• Lipoma: A benign tumor of fatty tissue.

If you have more questions about cysts, feel free to comment! For more information, check out Arohay.